What does Sato believe is necessary for effective critical thinking?

Open-mindedness to new ideas is considered a cornerstone of effective critical thinking because it allows individuals to consider alternative perspectives and approaches. This mindset encourages questioning assumptions and beliefs, leading to a deeper understanding of issues. By being open to new ideas, critical thinkers can weigh evidence more thoroughly, appreciate diverse viewpoints, and adapt their reasoning to include new information. This adaptability is crucial in problem-solving and decision-making, making it a fundamental aspect of critical thinking that enhances the ability to engage with complex concepts and challenges.

In contrast, disregarding feedback from others, relying solely on standardized testing, or accepting first impressions can hinder critical thinking by limiting exposure to different viewpoints and reducing the depth of analysis involved in evaluating information or situations.