What is a sudden realization of a problem's solution commonly referred to as?

The term "insight" refers specifically to the sudden and often unexpected understanding or realization of a solution to a problem. It captures that moment when clarity emerges regarding how to approach or solve an issue, often characterized by a feeling of epiphany or a light bulb moment. This cognitive phenomenon emphasizes creativity and intuition, distinguishing it from more methodical approaches typically associated with the other terms.

In contrast, analysis involves breaking down information into smaller components to understand it better, while deduction is about deriving conclusions based on logical reasoning from known premises. A conclusion, on the other hand, is the result of a thought process or argumentation, but does not necessarily convey the spontaneous realization aspect that defines insight. Hence, "insight" is the most appropriate choice to describe this sudden understanding of a solution.