What is the definition of extrinsic motivation?

The definition of extrinsic motivation is accurately captured by the notion of performing a behavior to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. This form of motivation comes from external factors rather than internal satisfaction or personal goals. For instance, individuals may be motivated to complete tasks or engage in activities primarily due to the prospect of receiving a reward, such as money, praise, or recognition, or to avoid negative outcomes, such as criticism or failure.

On the other hand, the other options touch on aspects of motivation that are more aligned with intrinsic motivations or specific behavioral drives. For instance, the desire to improve one's self-image is related to internal motivations that focus on personal growth and self-perception rather than external rewards. Similarly, motivation driven by personal satisfaction reflects intrinsic motivation, where individuals engage in activities for the enjoyment and fulfillment they bring, independent of external incentives. Lastly, the drive to compete against others can be viewed as a form of competitive motivation, which may involve both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but it does not explicitly define extrinsic motivation as centered around external rewards or punishment.