Which of the following guarantees a solution through a step-by-step procedure?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. It provides a systematic approach that, when followed correctly, guarantees a solution. Algorithms are often used in mathematics and computer science to perform calculations and process data. The definitive structure of algorithms ensures that if you execute each step as intended, you will arrive at a correct and reliable outcome, regardless of the complexity of the problem.

In contrast, heuristics are strategies or methods that often simplify decision-making. While they can be very effective and lead to quick solutions, they do not guarantee a correct answer in every situation. The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind, which can sometimes lead to biased or inaccurate decisions. The framing effect involves presenting information in a certain way that influences decisions and judgments, but it does not yield a definitive solution. Thus, the distinguishing feature of an algorithm is the guarantee of a solution through its prescribed steps, making it the correct choice in this context.